Half of them (3300) were made by the Mitsubishi Company. Second domestically designed pattern. Some 3,000 examples of the Type 97 Chi-Ha were produced by Mitsubishi, including several types of specialized tanks. Japan Poland Sweden UK USA USSR. The two models that replaced it after 1942 (the Type 98 Ke-Ni and the Type 2 Ke-To) are only slightly different. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Global Industrial and Social Progress Research Institute, Institute for International Monetary Affairs, Japan Institute for National Fundamentals, National Institute for Research Advancement, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Think_tanks_based_in_Japan&oldid=726551781, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 June 2016, at 22:27. is a main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). In parallel, Japanese cavalry also experimented with a variety of armored cars with limited success. By 1940 they were the fifth largest tank force in the world behind the Soviet, France, Britain and Germany, but were behind in medium and heavy tanks. As the surrender of Japan occurred before that invasion, there is no record of the Type 3 Ho-Ni III ever being used in actual combat. [11], The Type 97 replaced the Type 94 on the assembly line in 1939, it was primarily assigned to reconnaissance regiments, and, as with US Army tanks prior to 1941, was not designed to engage enemy tanks. Renault FT (most of delivered 36 tanks, 3 tanks captured by Japanese in 1931) M4 Sherman (35 tanks, only used in India-Burma Theater by Chinese Expedition Army) M3 Stuart (M3A3, M5A1) (50 tanks, only used in India-Burma Theater by Chinese Expedition Army) M24 Chaffee – 233 Throughout the war Germany supplied blueprints, technological support, and some examples of their tanks to Japan in accordance with the Tripartite Pact signed by the Axis powers. The Type 89 first saw combat in China, but was in the process of being replaced by the Type 97 Chi-Ha at the start of World War II. Its main anti-tank armament consisted of a Type 5 75 mm Tank Gun which was the same gun that was used on the Type 4 Chi-To tank; a variant of the Japanese Type 4 75mm AA Gun. The gun is armed and loaded through a mechanical bustle autoloader (conveyor-belt type), developed by Mitsubishi of Japan. The team started their design of a tank and worked hard to complete the project within the two years allocated. As with most tankettes it was severely deficient in armor protection, and was easy prey for a .50 caliber machinegun (heavy machinegun).[14]. The First World War established the validity of the tank concept. All were decommissioned by 2000, 39 years after their original deployment. As a result of trials the Japanese decided to develop a small vehicle in Japan based on what was learned and a decision was reached in 1929 to proceed with the domestic development of a new vehicle. However, tanks built for this role left the IJA without a tank capable of taking on other tanks, a deficiency that was brought home hard at Khalkin-Gol, a terrible defeat inflicted by the Russians on the Mongolian border in 1939. The Type 89 had two variants - the Kō ("A") version, which used a water-cooled gasoline engine, and the Otsu ("B") version, with an air-cooled diesel engine and improved frontal armor. The problem is that several weapons or tanks can be introduced the same year. The Type 5 Na-To made use of the chassis of the Type 4 Chi-So medium tracked carrier. This also proved fatal later when they faced Allied tanks, as the great majority of the Japanese models were too light, poorly protected, with not enough armament, and obsolete vehicles went on being mass-produced. [21] The 57 mm main gun was a carry over from the 1933 Type 89 medium tank, and was designed to support the infantry, while the 170 hp diesel Mitsubishi was a capable engine for the tank in 1938. Developments influencing Japanese tank design, Type 87 Chi-I medium tank (experimental 1st tank), Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://mailer.fsu.edu/~akirk/tanks/japan/japan-tank.html, http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_type61japan.html, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/ground.htm, http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_type_4_ke_nu.html, http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_type_2_ho_i.html, http://www.irvania.com/downloads/TBOTJapan.pdf, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/type-90.htm, Imperial Japanese Army Page - Akira Takizawa, Vickers-Carden-Loyd Light Amphibious Tank, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Japanese_Army?oldid=4545705. IV Type 5 Ke-Ho. This category contains all tanks from World of Tanks that are obtainable within Japan's tech tree. Type 95 Ha-Go tank in New Britain following the Japanese surrender in 1945. GHQ in Japan) ceased all military manufacturing and development plants in Japan, making Japan lose the technology to build and manufacture tanks and armoured vehicles (even though the technology was not well developed.) In 1929 the Type 89 (Experimental Tank Number 2) was developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The Type 97 ShinHoTo Chi-Ha first saw action at Corregidor Island of the Philippines in 1942. Then, they lapsed in the craze for tankettes. Production ended in 1989, with total production running to 893 examples. During and after World War I, Britain and France were the intellectual leaders in tank design, with other countries generally following and adopting their designs. was a tank destroyer developed by the Imperial Japanese Army for use during World War II in the Pacific theater. As an island nation, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was consistently the forefront of Japan's military, characterized by advanced development of naval technology, quality shipbuilding and superb seamanship. Production was hampered by material shortages, and by the bombing of Japan in World War II, and only 31 or 41 units were completed by the time of the end of the war. Japan's army (like the US, French, British and Russian armies) tried various methods to integrate modern armor into their traditional horse cavalry formations. The IJA ordered some tankettes from Great Britain, along with some French vehicles and field tested them. The design was completed in May 1926 and production was ordered to begin at the Osaka Army Arsenal. Through the modernization of Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks, in which its 57 mm gun turrets were replaced with 47 mm high velocity gun turrets, the 57 mm turrets were then available to install on Type 95 light tank hulls; thus creating the Type 4 Ke-Nu light tank. Although the chassis was similar in appearance, the design of the Type 97 was different than the Type 94 in several significant areas. The single prototype Type 5 was seized by American forces during the occupation of Japan. The experiment was not entirely successful, and the Japanese cavalry was not impressed with the performance. In traditional Japan, cavalry was used for reconnaissance in the mountainous countryside, so at first the designs were constrained by the tank’s infantry support role. The ideogram "Chi" meant a medium tank, "Te" a tankette; "Ke" an assault gun, "Ho" a self-propelled gun, "Ka" an amphibious tank. Some of knowledge shared with Japan inspired or influenced later Japanese armored vehicles, for example: A Type 61 tank on display at the JGSDF Ordnance School in Tsuchiura, Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. Near the end of World War I, the Japanese showed an interest in armored warfare and tanks and obtained a variety of models from foreign sources. Pages in category "Think tanks based in Japan" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. Both allied and Axis powers like the Britain, United States, France, Germany, Italy and Japan produced significant numbers of tanks before and during WWII. The Ho-Ri was a more powerful tank destroyer (gun tank) version of the Type 5 Chi-Ri, using a 105 mm cannon in place of the 75 mm design. At the close of World War I, the Imperial Japanese Army obtained a variety of models from foreign sources. The army built several prototypes before the war (they are the first to experiment with jet propulsion), but none were mass-produced and the whole enterprise is dropped in 1940. Originally, the tank was to be fitted with the same Type 5 75 mm Tank Gun used on the Type 4 Chi-To. The Type 94 Disinfecting Vehicle and Type 94 Gas Scattering Vehicle was a Type 94 tankette adapted to chemical warfare along with Type 94 Disinfecting Vehicle and Type 94 Gas Scattering Vehicle which was configured as an independent mobile liquid dissemination chemical vehicle with respective mobile disinfecting anti-chemical agents vehicle for support to Japanese chemical infantry units in combat. [25][26] Eventually, an 88 mm gun (based on the Type 99 88 mm AA Gun) was planned for the turret; a secondary weapon of a front hull-mounted Type 1 37 mm Tank Gun was fitted in the position normally taken by a machine gun.[25][27]. Developing a tank industry from scratch took time, and the type 61 wasn’t issued to the armed forces until 1962. Type 94 tankette captured at the Battle of Okinawa. No antitank opposition was to be feared. Type 4 Heavy 177,700. Like these designs, it mounts the M68 105 mm gun. The Imperial Japanese Army also purchased several Vickers 6-Ton tanks and Carden Loyd tankettes from the British and used these as a basis for further development, resulting in tanks such as the Type 89 Chi-Ro. The Mk IV was purchased in October 1918 while the Whippets and Renaults were acquired in 1919. For cargo transportation it pulled an ammunition trailer. It remained the standard medium tank until the late thirties. [19], The original version of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank had been armed with a low muzzle velocity 57 mm tank gun. The first test vehicles, STA-1 (completed in December 1956) and STA-2 (completed in February 1957) were built and tested. After the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol in 1939 against the Russians which resulted in total defeat for the Japanese Sixth Army, it prompted the Imperial Japanese Army to rethink tactics and formations of armored units along with tank design. The Type 3 Ho-Ni III (三式砲戦車 ホニIII, San-shiki hōsensha?) Medium Tanks: Medium Tanks are the middle ground between the highly mobile light tanks and combat-focused heavy tanks. The Type 5 medium tank Chi-Ri (五式中戦車, Go-shiki chusensha Chi-ri?) It is built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and was designed as a replacement for all deployed Type 61s and a portion of their Type 74 tanks, and entered service in 1990. Below is a full list of tanks. Before 1945, the fleet and the air force had priority. Japanese tanks and armoured vehicles. Type 89 "I-Go" on display at the United States Army Ordnance Museum. The tanks were used later in the war as dug-in pillboxes on Pacific islands. The Type 3 No-Ni II superseded the Type 1 Ho-Ni I in production, and was much safer for the crew due to its having a completely enclosed superstructure. The mounting for the 75 mm Type 90 field gun allowed for ten degrees of traverse and elevation from -5 to +25 degrees. The Type 2 Gun tank Ho-I (二式砲戦車 ホイ, Ni-shiki hōsensha Ho-I?) In 1933 Major Tomio Hara designed the basis of many of the suspensions of future Japanese tanks, the bellcrank scissors which had paired bogie wheels connected by a coil spring. • List of Japanese armoured fighting vehicles of World War II Contrary to popular belief, the Japanese Army widely employed tanks within the Pacific theater of war. was a tankette designed as a fast reconnaissance vehicle,[10] and was a replacement for the earlier Type 94 TK. There was a second ideogram to distinguish the models. Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: HP Authorized Customer A coaxial 7.62 millimeter machine gun is mounted next to the gun. As units of the Imperial Japanese Army began to encounter advanced Allied medium tanks, such as the M4 Sherman, it was seen that the Japanese Type 97 Chi-Ha main battle tank lacked sufficient armor or armament to deal with this threat, and work was begun on a tank destroyer version. The Type 1 was an early experimental design, that led to the Type 2 Ka-Mi, which was the first production Japanese amphibious tank, although only 184 were built. Neither of the two completed units saw combat use.[18][24]. These second prototypes were used for development and then user trials, all of which were completed by 1989, before Japan formally acknowledged the Type 90 in 1990. The tank was allocated to the Japanese home islands to defend against the projected Allied Invasion. Only a total of 103 Type 98s are known to have been built>: 24 in 1942 and 79 in 1943.[17]. The Type 97 Chi-Ha is a medium tank introduced in 1937, the Type 2 Ke-To is a light tank introduced in 1942. III Type 98 Ke-Ni. [3] Only the prototype was ever produced, in 1934.[3]. It has been reported the one copy of the O-I was manufactured before the end of the war and was shipped to Manchuria, according to an engineer concerned with the project. Tanks in World of Tanks are divided up by country and weight. While vulnerable to most opposing Allied tanks (M2/M3 Light, M4 Medium, and T-34), the 47 mm high-velocity gun did give the ShinHoTo Type 97 a fighting chance against them. The Type 2 Ke-To Light Tank (二式軽戦車 ケト, Nishiki keisensha Ke-To?) Thus, the warning of Khalkin-Gol was too slowly recognized. The Gas Scattering Vehicle could scatter mustard gas chemical agent with an 8m width and the Disinfecting Vehicle scattered bleaching powder to counteract the poison gas or pathogenic agents and these special vehicles for chemical warfare were developed in 1933–1934.. One major reason that the air-cooled diesel engines may have been preferred was that water was scarce in areas that the Imperial Japanese Army was operating in Mongolia, Manchuria, and North China. [17], The Type 1 Ho-Ni I was developed by utilizing the existing Type 97 chassis and engine, and replacing the gun turret with a 75 mm Type 90 Field Gun mounted in an open casemate with frontal and side armour only, which made it very vulnerable in close combat. Ha-Go 270. Ease of maintenance was a high priority in the design. It was based on the best features of a number of contemporary designs, placing it in the same class as the US M60 Patton or German Leopard 1. More improvements were made in 1961 and the deployment of the Type 61 started in the same year. Thus, as the tanks in the Japan ground self-defence force (JGSDF) service at the time were obsolete/inadequate, the JGSDF was provided with the option of either purchasing the new American built M46 Patton and, later, the M47 Patton or develop their own MBT in 1954. Japan's army (like the US, French, British and Russian armies) tried various methods to integrate modern armor into their traditional horse cavalry formations.[2]. This is a list of engines and weapons used on Japanese tanks during World War II. was the penultimate tank destroyer developed by the Imperial Japanese Army in the closing stages of World War II. As with the Type 94, the interior was lined with heat insulating asbestos sheets. Previous gun tanks, Type 1 Ho-Ni I and Type 2 Ho-I, were not really optimized designs. The adapted mountain gun, known as the Type 99 7.5 cm Tank Gun, was completed in 1940.The main armaments of the Type 2 Ho-I was a Type 99 75 mm tank gun, and secondary armament was a single 7.7 mm Type 97 Light Machine Gun in the hull. The prototype of the new Type 98 tank was completed in 1939. was an innovation created to increase the number of light tanks available to front-line infantry divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. It weighed 22 tons, with 57 mm gun in the main turret, and 2 MGs in subsidiary turrets. This suspension became standard on the majority of Japanese tanks and can be seen on the Type 89 medium tank. Games Movies TV Video. [12][13] Because it was a reconnaissance vehicle, built for speed, and not direct combat,[10] its hull and turret were designed for only two crewmen; leaving the tankette commander to load and fire the main gun. That year is computed on the historical calendar of Japan, starting 660 years BC. The initial attempt resulted in the Type 92 Jyu-Sokosha by Ishikawajima Motorcar Manufacturing Company (currently Isuzu Motors). II Type 95 Ha-Go. Rounds for the main gun were upgraded from HEP to APFSDS and HEAT-MP. The Type 3 Ka-Chi was produced in very limited numbers, but proved useful due to its capacity to be submarine launched, which enabled it to accommodate the increasingly difficult task of daytime reinforcement isolated for island garrisons in the South Pacific and in Southeast Asia. The Type 4 light tank Ke-Nu (四式軽戦車 ケヌ, Yon-shiki keisensha Kenu?) However after 1941 the Japanese focused their industry on building warships and aircraft after Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the conflict, as priorities shifted to weapons they felt were more important to attack across the Pacific and defend the Empire from the advancing Americans. Most armies were producing tanks and there production climbed each month. The development of tankettes was stopped but they went on being sent to the frontline until the end of the war. The hull is welded steel, with a cast steel turret. A 12.7 mm machine gun was normally mounted on the cuppola for anti-aircraft use. Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is a list of notable think tanks sorted by ... Japan Institute of International Affairs; National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA) Kazakhstan. The Japanese then tried half a dozen of models, some were produced in limited numbers (such as the Chi-He or the Chi-Nu) but none were mass-produced by lack of a definite choice for a model. This is a list of the Japanese armoured fighting vehicles of World War II.This list includes vehicles that never left the drawing board; prototype models and production models from after World War I, into the interwar period and through the end of … The Type 92 was designed for use by the cavalry for reconnaissance and infantry support but another support vehicle to provide additional firepower and close support in infantry operations, was needed. With the exception of the 120 mm smooth-bore gun, which is made under license from Rheinmetall of Germany, the Type 90 and its subsystems were all designed and built in Japan. The idea of creating your own tanks appeared in Japan after the First World War. The turret and 47 mm gun of the Type 1 could be mounted on the hull of the Type 97 (creating the Shinhoto Chi-Ha version) and the factories were already mass-producing the older tank. Remember, if they do actually mange to keep the in-game height of the Japanese tanks historically proportional, the tier 8′s and 9′s ,even with those massive commanders hatches, should be just a little taller then Soviet/Chinese tanks of the those … IJA4th Armored Division with Type 3 Chi-Nu, Japanese Type 95 Ha-Go first prototype, 1934. The Type 89 design was completed in April 1929, with production starting in 1931, making this the first tank to be mass-produced in Japan. Carrying effective armament and moderate armour on a mobile chassis makes a medium tank flexible and cost effective. This design was possibly inspired by the German Ferdinand/Elefant heavy tank destroyer. The results were used to develop the STA-3 (completed in January 1960) and STA-4 (completed in November 1959) in 1960. Due to the high cost of purchasing American made tanks, and because the M47 did not meet their requirements, the JGSDF decided on developing their own main battle tank, resulting in the development of the Type 61 tank. gun tank was a tank destroyer and self-propelled artillery of Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. This is the same gun that is mounted on the German Leopard 2, American Abrams, and the South Korean K1A1 tanks. “Japanese Tank Markings, 1941-1945 (pp.394-400)”, in Airfix Magazine (March 1977). The Type 3 Ka-Chi amphibious tank was first encountered by Allied forces at the Battle of Kwajalein in 1944, however, only 19 were built during the war. II Ashigaru Te-Ke. ... tanks.gg is a player created website for World of Tanks. Explore Wikis; Community Central; Start a Wiki; Search Sign In Don't have an account? However, due to shortages in the production of this weapon, most vehicles were fitted with a 7.7 mm Type 97 machine gun instead. After the war, many nations needed to have tanks, but only a few had the industrial resources to design and build them. was developed by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II as an improvement on the existing Type 98 Ke-Ni. The Type 5 Na-To (五式砲戦車, Go-shiki hōsensha?) Tanks designed and produced by Imperial Japan and the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. The majority of tanks fell into three categories – Chi, Ke and Ho, or Medium, Light and Gun, with Chi and Ke used as single character abbreviations for Chiu (or Chui) and Kei. Althrough Japanese heavy tanks greatly differs from Japanese medium and light tanks, they all share few similarities; All Japanese tanks have great gun depression, (with exception being Chi-Nu Kai and some heavy tanks that have limited depression above their miniturrets), lack of sloping on armor (except on tier 8 - 10 medium tanks), and good firepower. The new design weighed 12.8 tons and used stronger and lighter steel plate instead of the Type 87's iron armor. A Type 94 chemical/bacteriological protection modified Type 94 Tankette was used as the tractor of these vehicles, closed for protection against these agents[citation needed]. The Shinhoto Chi-Ha, the same hull with a new turret to install a better gun appeared only in 1942, at a time when it was already outdated. After the war brought in the Allies in 1941, then the Navy's began to have interest in amphibious tanks. It was amply outdated before that. The maximum armour thickness is quoted as 64 millimeters. Production finally started as the Type 74 in September 1975, with 225 being delivered by January 1980. The Type 95 had the surname "Ha-Go" given by the builder of the tank. [5] From 1980, Type 61's began to be supplemented by the more modern Type 74 MBT. [18], After experience in Manchukuo in the war in China, Japanese began work on mounting a Type 41 75 mm Mountain Gun onto the chassis of the Chi-Ha medium tank. It served throughout the Pacific Theater, including China and on many Pacific islands, such as Guadalcanal, the Marianas, and Iwo Jima. The Type 61 (Japanese: ろくいちしきせんしゃ Kanji: 61式戦車) was a main battle tank (MBT) developed and used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF), built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.Development started in 1955 and the vehicle was first deployed in April 1961. The Type 1 Ho-Ni I carried 54 rounds of ammunition. Japan Light Tanks I Renault Otsu. Trials with these … Flag images indicative of country of origin and not necessarily primary operator. Add new page. The first prototype of the Type 74 MBT, designated STB-1, was delivered in late 1968 and underwent a number of modifications until the final prototype designated STB-6 was delivered in 1973. 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